Cycling is already normalized as a mode of transport in North Carolina. Understanding the regulations governing cyclists is important regardless of whether you ride for recreation, fitness, or commute to work. Being informed about the laws will save cyclists and encourage coexistence with other road users.
Cyclists as Vehicle Operators
North Carolina law defines cyclists as drivers. This implies that they are required to comply with all warning signals, including stop signs, lights, and yield signs. North Carolina General Statute 20-4.01(49) defines bicycles as part of the legal definition of vehicles and thus strengthens the responsibility behind riding safely and predictably.
Bicycles must be ridden on the right-hand side of the road and in the same way as motor traffic. They can occupy the complete lane when a car is unsafe to overtake in the same lane. This rule applies especially when on narrow roads or turning left. Cyclists should also use hand signals to notify other users of the road when planning to turn or stop, similar to a vehicle using turn signals or brake lights.
Helmet Requirements and Safety Gear
North Carolina has its laws on helmet-wearing. The law requires any cyclist younger than 16 to wear a bicycle helmet with the proper fastenings while riding on the road, sidewalk, or path. Adults are not bound by law to wear helmets, but it is highly advisable. Using a helmet in the case of a crash dramatically decreases the chance of severe head trauma.
Cyclists should also have a white light at the front that can be seen between 300 feet, and a red reflector or red light behind that can be seen by 200 to 300 feet when riding at night or in low-light conditions. These rules will help the drivers see the cyclists, and this plays a key role in avoiding accidents.
Passing and Sharing the Road
North Carolina motorists must leave a clearance of two feet when overtaking a cyclist. They may cross a double yellow line to pass a bicycle safely, provided that no prohibited traffic is coming in either direction. The exception reminds motorists of the need to protect vulnerable road users.
Cyclists should not cycle with more than two persons abreast on a public road. However, they ride in single file when a vehicle is overtaking them in a narrow lane. Bicycles cannot be ridden on fully controlled-access highways, which include interstates unless authorized.
When available, cyclist should use designated bike lanes. Many North Carolina cities have expanded their bike lanes to increase safety for cyclists. Asheville has standard, buffered and shared bike lanes as well as designated greenways. When planning a cycling route, try to use roads that have designated lanes whenever possible.
Electric Bikes (E-Bikes) Regulation
Electric bicycles (e-bikes) in North Carolina are divided into three classes:
- Class 1: Pedal-assist only, with motor support up to 20 mph
- Class 2: Throttle-assisted with motor support up to 20 mph
- Class 3: Pedal assist with motor support up to 28 mph
Class 3 e-bike riders must wear helmets and these bikes are not allowed on some multi-use tracks unless permitted by local ordinances. E-bikes have a restrictive aspect in that they are only permitted in the same cycle lanes as ordinary bicycles, although local jurisdictions can impose additional regulations.
Driving While Impaired (DWI) on a Bicycle
Cyclists are subject to North Carolina’s DWI laws. Suppose a person operates a bicycle under the influence of alcohol or drugs and poses a danger to themselves or others. In that case, they can face legal consequences similar to those of motor vehicle drivers. The legal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit of 0.08% applies.
Riding Defensively and Lawfully
To ride safely and legally in North Carolina, cyclists should:
- Obey all traffic signs and signals
- Use proper lighting and reflective gear when riding at night
- Wear a helmet, especially if under 16 or riding a Class 3 e-bike
- Stay to the right of the lane unless it is unsafe to do so
- Signal turns clearly
- Be predictable and alert to the actions of other road users